Amakuru yumutekano yibice mugihe wubaka scaffolds

Ubwa mbere, Imyiteguro
Menya ibishushanyo na gahunda yo kubaka. Before building the scaffolds, scaffolders should carefully study the construction drawings and construction plans, and understand the structural characteristics, height requirements, load conditions, etc. of the project, to determine the appropriate scaffolding type, erection method, and safety measures. Kurugero, kugirango iyubakwa rya Scafolding mu nyubako ziyongera cyane, ibintu nko kwishora mu muyaga no kugira ingaruka z'imitingito bigomba gusuzumwa, uburyo bwo guca intege bukwiye gufatwa, uburyo bwo gukomera bukwiye gufatwa. Reba ibikoresho nibikoresho. Reba ibikoresho nk'ibyuma by'ibyuma, bifunga, imbaho ​​zica, inshundura z'umutekano, nibindi kugirango umenye neza ko ubwiza bwabo bujuje ibisabwa. Imiyoboro y'icyuma ntigomba kugira inenge nko kunama, guhindura, no gucikamo, imbohe zigomba kwangirika cyangwa kuboramo, inkuta zumutekano zigomba kugira ibyangiritse cyangwa gusaza. Muri icyo gihe, suzuma niba ibikoresho nk'ibintu, pliers, n'izuba byuzuye kandi bidahwitse kugirango bakore neza mugihe cyubwubatsi. Kurugero, mugihe ugenzura imiyoboro yibyuma, urashobora gukoresha Caliper ya Caliper gupima diameter hamwe nubunini bwurukuta kugirango babone ibipimo by'igihugu; Mugihe ufata ibyuma, urashobora gukora ibizamini bya Sampling kugirango ugerageze kunyerera, kurwanya kurimbuka, nibindi bintu.

Icya kabiri, inzira yo kubaka
Ubuvuzi bwikigo iremeza ko urufatiro rwibisebe ari imbere kandi rwizewe. Dukurikije uko ibintu nyirizina yubwubatsi, urufatiro rushyizwe hejuru kandi rweruye, kandi ingamba zo kumazi zashyizweho kugirango irinde kwerungano zitagira ingaruka ku gituza cya scaffold. Uturere dufite ubutaka bworoshye, urufatiro rufatika cyangwa udupapuro twinshi dushobora gukoreshwa kugirango twongere ubushobozi bwo kwitwasi. Kurugero, mugihe wubaka igikome gishingiye ku butaka, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ubushobozi bwo kwitwarwa umurage buhuye nibisabwa. Mubisanzwe, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira fondasiyo busabwa kuba munsi ya 80kn kuri metero kare. Kugereranya pole nicyo kintu nyamukuru cyumuraguye cyo kwiyuhagira igituba, hamwe nubwiza bwo kugereranya bigira ingaruka muburyo bwo gutuza. Incamake, uhagaritse, hamwe numwanya uhuriweho ninkingi bigomba kugenzurwa neza na gahunda yo kubaka hamwe nibisabwa. Incamake yinkingi igomba kuba itarenze metero 1.5, kandi gutandukana guhagarikwa ntibigomba kurenza 1/200 yuburebure. Ingingo zinkingi zihagaritse zigomba guhuzwa na butt yizihisha. INGINGO Z'INKINGI ZIKURIKIRA ZIDASANZWE zigomba kuba zidakwiye guhuza, kandi intera ikaze ntigomba kuba munsi ya mm 500. Kurugero, mugihe ushiraho inkingi zihagaritse, umurongo wamazi cyangwa Theodolite urashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora uhagaritse kugirango umenye neza ko inkingi zihagaritse ziri perpendicular hasi; Mugihe uhuza ingingo zinkingi zihagaritse, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko byihuse kwihuta Torque yujuje ibisabwa, bigomba kuba bitarenze 40N · m. Umurongo utambitse ukoreshwa cyane muguhuza inkingi zihagaritse no kuzamura ubusugire bwa scafolding. Incamake kandi itambitse yumubari utambitse hagomba kugenzurwa nibisabwa nibisobanuro. Incamake ya horizontal itemewe muri rusange ntabwo irenze metero 1.2, kandi gutandukana kwa horizonality ntibigomba kurenza 1/300 byumubiri. Uruhuze rwa Horizontal rugomba guhuzwa na Butt Fasts cyangwa ibisimba bifunga, uburebure bwa lap ntigomba kuba munsi ya metero 1, kandi igomba gukosorwa no gufunga 3 kuzunguruka. Kurugero, mugihe ushiraho akabari utambitse, urwego rurashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora itambitse kugirango urebe ko mu kabari ka horizontal; Mugihe uhuza ingingo za horizontal, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko byihuse kwihuta cyane mu buryo bwo kwinjiza ibisabwa kugirango birinde akabari ka horizontal kuva. Gukoresha SCICES ntabwo ari igipimo cyingenzi cyo kuzamura ituze ryumutuku kandi rigomba gushyirwaho hakurikijwe ibisabwa. Inguni, intera, uburyo bwo guhuza, nibindi. Umukasike Urwenya agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa. Inguni yumukasike Ubuseri ni 45 ° kugeza kuri 60 °, kandi spacinge ntigomba kurenza metero 6. Uruhushya rwumusika rugomba guhuzwa nisize ept, uburebure bwa lap ntigomba kuba munsi ya metero 1, kandi igomba gukosorwa hamwe na 3 ifunga. Kurugero, mugihe wubatse umukasike, urashobora gukoresha umutegetsi w'inguni kugirango upime inguni kugirango umenye neza ko yujuje ibisabwa; Mugihe uhuza umukasike winyuma, menya neza ko byihuse torque ikomeza kubahiriza ibisabwa kugirango wirinde abasika kuva kunanirwa. Kurambika ikibaho kivanze cyinama yubucamo ni urubuga rwabakozi ba scafolding gukora, hamwe nubuziranenge bwayo bugira ingaruka kumutekano wakazi. Ikibaho gicamo kigomba gushyirwaho ryuzuye kandi gihamye, kandi ntihagomba kubaho Inama ya Frobe. Imirongo ibiri yumusaraba muto yambukiranya igomba gushyirwaho kumurongo winama yubucamo, kandi umwanya ntugomba kurenza mm 300. Impera yinama yubucamo igomba guhambirwa insinga kandi igashyirwaho kumurongo muto kugirango wirinde ikibaho kinyerera. Kurugero, mugihe ushobora gushyira umutegetsi w'icura, urashobora gukoresha umutegetsi w'icyuma wo gupima intera ku ngingo zo kureba niba byujuje ibisabwa; Mugihe wahambiye impera yimbaho, menya neza ko insinga yongereye kubuza imbaho ​​zivanze kuva kurekura. Urushundura umutekano umanika inshundura z'umutekano ni ibikoresho byo kurinda byingenzi kugirango abantu bigwe kandi bigomba kumanikwa hakurikijwe ibisobanuro. Ibikoresho, ibisobanuro, nuburyo bunimanye bwinshundura umutekano bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa. Ibikoresho byurushundura umutekano bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu, kandi ibisobanuro birasanzwe muri metero 1.8 × 6. Kumanika urushundura rwumutekano bigomba gukomera no gukomera, kandi ntihagomba kubaho icyuho. Urushundura rwo hasi rugomba gushyirwaho munsi yumurongo wumutekano kugirango wirinde ibintu bigwa hepfo. Kurugero, mugihe umanitse urushundura rwumutekano, urashobora gukoresha insinga kugirango ukemure urushundura rwumutekano ku gicapo kugirango umenye neza ko urushundura rwumutekano; Mugihe ugenzura urushundura rwumutekano, menya neza ko bitangiritse cyangwa ushaje, ukabisimbuza mugihe hari ikibazo.

Icya gatatu, inzira yo gukuraho
Tera gahunda yo gukuraho mbere yo gukuraho igikona, gahunda irambuye yo gukuraho igomba gushyirwaho kugirango usobanure gukuraho, uburyo, ingamba z'umutekano, nibindi. Gahunda yo gukuraho igomba kwemezwa mbere yo kubishyira mubikorwa. Kurugero, kugirango bakureho guswera mu nyubako ndende, uburyo bwo gupfobya mubice kandi byitawe bigomba kwemezwa kugirango wirinde gucika intege cyane icyarimwe, bizatuma igituba kigomba guhinduka. Shiraho agace kaburira mugihe usenya igikona, ahantu ho kuburira bigomba gushyirwaho kugirango bibuze ko bishyize uburenganzira kwinjira. Ahantu ho kuburira hagomba kuba ibikoresho nkibimenyetso bigaragara nimiburo, kandi umuntu witanze agomba kuba yarinze kurinda. Kurugero, amabuye y'agaciro n'ibimenyetso byo kuburira birashobora gushyirwaho hirya no hino mu kuburira kugirango yibutse abahinyiriro - kwitondera umutekano; Mugihe cyo gupfobya, umuntu witanze agomba gutegurwa kugirango ashinzwe kurinda abakozi batabifitiye uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mukarere karimo gusenyuka. Gutandukanya Gutandukanya Gusebanya bigomba gukorwa muburyo bwo kumvikana mbere hanyuma bagasenyuka, ni ukuvuga imitwe ya SCES, hamwe ninkweto zumutekano, nibindi bigomba kuvaho. Mugihe cyo gusenya, kwitabwaho bigomba kwishyurwa kugirango tubungabunge igiterane cyo gucika intege, kandi inkoni nyinshi ntizigomba kuvaho icyarimwe. Inkoni ihujwe ninyubako, nkabahuza urukuta, igomba gukurwaho hamwe no gusebanya kuri urwo rwego, kandi ntigomba kuvanwa mbere. Kurugero, mugihe usenya imikasi Mugihe usenya inkingi vertique, ubanza ufate inkingi vertike, hanyuma ukuremo ifumbire kugirango wirinde inkingi ihagaritse kugwa. Gusukura ibintu no kwizirikamo ibikoresho byakuweho bigomba gusukurwa, gutondekwa, no gutondekwa mugihe, kandi bitwarwa ahantu hagenwe. Ibikoresho byakuweho ntibigomba gutaka cyangwa gutondekwa ahazubakwa ubwo bushake, kugirango tutagira ingaruka kumutekano wubwubatsi n'imibanire. Kurugero, imiyoboro yicyuma, ifunga, imbaho ​​zicamo, nibindi bikoresho birashobora gukemurwa ukundi kandi bikangwa no gucunga byoroshye no gutwara abantu; Mugihe cyo gutwara abantu, hagomba kwitabwaho kugirango birinde ibikoresho bitatanye, bigatera umwanda wibidukikije n'umutekano.

Icya kane, umutekano
Urubinda rwuburinzi rwumuntu rugomba kwambara ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu nkumutekano wumutekano, umukandara wumutekano, hamwe ninkweto zidanyerera neza mugihe ukora. Ingofero z'umutekano zigomba gufatirwa imishumi, umukandara wumutekano ugomba kumanikwa hejuru kandi ugakoreshwa inkweto nkeya, kandi zidasinzira zigomba guhora zumye kandi zifite isuku. Kurugero, mugihe ukorera hejuru, menya neza ko inkoni yumukandara wumutekano imanikwa kumwanya wizewe kugirango wirinde umukandara wumutekano kugwa; Iyo ukora muminsi yimvura, wambare inkweto zidanyerera kugirango wirinde kunyerera. Irinde kugwa mu burebure iyo ukorera hejuru, witondere gukumira kugwa mu burebure. Ntugakore ahantu hatagira ibigo birinda, kandi ntukirukire, gusimbuka, cyangwa gukina kuri scafolding. Kurugero, mugihe ushyiraho scafolding cyangwa gusenya uruzitiro, koresha ibikoresho byo kurinda nkumukandara wumutekano n'umugozi wumutekano kugirango umutekano wawe; Iyo ukora kuri SCOFFILING, shyira ibikoresho nibikoresho mumifuka y'ibikoresho kandi ntugashyire ku bushake kugirango wirinde ibikoresho n'ibikoresho biturika no gukomeretsa abantu. Irinde ibintu gukubita ahazubakwa, witondere kwirinda kwikubita. Ntugaterera ibintu kuva hejuru, kandi ntugume cyangwa ngo unyure munsi yigituba. Kurugero, mugihe ubangamiye, shyira cordon kugirango ubuze abakozi badafitanye isano kwinjira mukarere karimo gusebanya; Mugihe uterura ibikoresho, koresha ibikoresho byo guterura ibisabwa no gukurura kugirango umutekano wo guterure ibintu. Witondere ibihe bihinduka mugihe ukora akazi ka Scafolding, witondere ikirere. Mugihe uhuye nikirere gikabije nkimbaraga za Gale 6 cyangwa hejuru, imvura nyinshi, igihu, nibindi, ibikorwa byo hejuru bigomba guhagarikwa. Kurugero, mubihe byumuyaga, ubugenzuzi no gushimangira scafolding bigomba gukomera kugirango birinde igituba kuva gutwarwa numuyaga; Iyo ukora muminsi yimvura, kwitabwaho bigomba kwishyurwa muri anti-skid kugirango birinde kunyerera.

Mu bakozi bagufi, scafolding bakwiye kumenya ubumenyi runaka bwakazi n'umutekano ku kazi kugirango umutekano n'ubwubatsi. Muri icyo gihe, bagomba gukomeza kwiga no kunoza urwego rwa tekiniki kugira ngo bamenyere ku bijyanye n'inganda zishingiye ku kubaka.