First, preparation
Be familiar with the drawings and construction plans. Before building the scaffold, the scaffolder should carefully study the construction drawings and construction plans, and understand the structural characteristics, height requirements, load conditions, etc. of the project, to determine the appropriate scaffolding type, erection method, and safety measures. For example, for the scaffolding of high-rise buildings, it is necessary to consider factors such as wind loads and earthquake effects, choose a more stable scaffolding system, and take strengthening measures. Check materials and tools. Check materials such as steel pipes, fasteners, scaffolding boards, safety nets, etc. to ensure that their quality meets the requirements. Steel pipes should not have defects such as bending, deformation, and cracks, fasteners should not be damaged or slipped, scaffolding boards should not be broken or decayed, and safety nets should not be damaged or aged. At the same time, check whether tools such as wrenches, pliers, and hammers are complete and intact so that they can be operated smoothly during the construction process. For example, when checking steel pipes, you can use a vernier caliper to measure their diameter and wall thickness to ensure that they meet national standards; when checking fasteners, you can conduct sampling tests to test their anti-slip, anti-destruction, and other properties.
Second, the construction process
Foundation treatment ensures that the foundation of the scaffold is firm and reliable. According to the actual situation of the construction site, the foundation is leveled and compacted, and drainage measures are set up to prevent water accumulation from affecting the stability of the scaffold. For areas with soft soil, concrete foundations or laying pads can be used to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation. For example, when building ground-based scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the design requirements. Generally, the bearing capacity of the foundation is required to be no less than 80kN per square meter. Pole erection The Pole is the main load-bearing member of the scaffolding, and its erection quality directly affects the stability of the scaffolding. The spacing, verticality, and joint position of the poles must be strictly controlled by the construction plan and specification requirements. The spacing of the poles should generally not be greater than 1.5 meters, and the verticality deviation should not be greater than 1/200 of the height. The joints of the vertical poles should be connected with butt fasteners. The joints of adjacent vertical poles should not be in sync, and the staggered distance should not be less than 500 mm. For example, when erecting the vertical poles, a plumb line or theodolite can be used to correct the verticality to ensure that the vertical poles are perpendicular to the ground; when connecting the joints of the vertical poles, it is necessary to ensure that the fastener tightening torque meets the requirements, which should generally not be less than 40N·m. The horizontal bar is mainly used to connect the vertical poles and enhance the integrity of the scaffolding. The spacing and horizontality of the horizontal bars should also be controlled by the requirements of the specifications. The spacing of the horizontal bars should generally not be greater than 1.2 meters, and the horizontality deviation should not be greater than 1/300 of the frame width. The joints of the horizontal bars should be connected with butt fasteners or lap fasteners, the lap length should not be less than 1 meter, and it should be fixed with no less than 3 rotating fasteners. For example, when erecting the horizontal bar, a level can be used to correct the horizontality to ensure that the horizontal bar is horizontal; when connecting the joints of the horizontal bar, it is necessary to ensure that the fastener tightening torque meets the requirements to prevent the horizontal bar from loosening. Scissor brace erection Scissor brace erection is an important measure to enhance the stability of scaffolding and should be erected to the requirements of the specification. The angle, spacing, connection method, etc. of the scissor brace must meet the requirements. The angle of the scissor brace is generally 45° to 60°, and the spacing should not be greater than 6 meters. The joints of the scissor brace should be connected with lap fasteners, the lap length should not be less than 1 meter, and it should be fixed with no less than 3 rotating fasteners. For example, when erecting the scissor brace, you can use an angle ruler to measure its angle to ensure that it meets the requirements; when connecting the scissor brace joint, ensure that the fastener tightening torque meets the requirements to prevent the scissor brace from failing. Laying the scaffolding board The scaffolding board is the platform for the scaffolder to work, and its laying quality directly affects the work safety. The scaffolding board should be laid full and stable, and there should be no probe board. Double rows of small cross bars should be set at the joints of the scaffolding board, and the spacing should not be greater than 300 mm. The ends of the scaffolding board should be tied with wire and fixed to the small crossbar to prevent the scaffolding board from sliding. For example, when laying scaffolding boards, you can use a steel ruler to measure the spacing at the joints to ensure that they meet the requirements; when tying the ends of the scaffolding boards, make sure that the wire is tightened to prevent the scaffolding boards from loosening. Hanging the safety net The safety net is an important protective facility to prevent people and objects from falling, and should be hung by the specifications. The material, specifications, and hanging method of the safety net must meet the requirements. The material of the safety net should meet national standards, and the specifications are generally 1.8 meters × 6 meters. The hanging of the safety net should be tight and firm, and there should be no loopholes. A bottom net should be set at the bottom of the safety net to prevent objects from falling from the bottom. For example, when hanging the safety net, you can use a wire to fix the safety net on the scaffolding to ensure that the safety net is firm; when checking the safety net, make sure that it is not damaged or aged, and if there is any problem, it should be replaced in time.
Third, the removal process
Formulate a removal plan Before removing the scaffolding, a detailed removal plan should be formulated to clarify the removal sequence, method, safety measures, etc. The removal plan should be approved before implementation. For example, for the removal of scaffolding in high-rise buildings, the method of dismantling in sections and facades should be adopted to avoid dismantling too much at one time, which will cause the scaffolding to become unstable. Set up a warning area When dismantling the scaffolding, a warning area should be set up to prohibit unauthorized personnel from entering. The warning area should be equipped with obvious signs and warnings, and a dedicated person should be responsible for guarding. For example, cordons and warning signs can be set up around the warning area to remind passers-by to pay attention to safety; during the dismantling process, a dedicated person should be arranged to be responsible for guarding to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering the dismantling area. Dismantle in order The dismantling of scaffolding should be carried out in the order of erection first and then dismantling, that is, the scaffolding boards, safety nets, and scissor braces, etc. should be removed first, and then the crossbars, vertical poles, etc. should be removed. During the dismantling process, attention should be paid to maintaining the stability of the scaffolding, and too many rods should not be removed at one time. Rods connected to the building, such as wall connectors, should be removed together with the dismantling of the scaffolding on that layer, and should not be removed in advance. For example, when dismantling the scissor’s support, the middle fasteners should be removed first, and then the fasteners at both ends to prevent the scissor’s support from collapsing suddenly; when dismantling the vertical pole, the vertical pole should be held first, and then the fasteners should be removed to prevent the vertical pole from falling. Material cleaning and stacking The removed materials should be cleaned, classified, and stacked in time, and transported to the designated location. The removed materials shall not be discarded or stacked at the construction site at will to avoid affecting the construction safety and civilized construction. For example, steel pipes, fasteners, scaffolding boards, and other materials can be stacked separately and marked for easy management and transportation; during transportation, care should be taken to prevent materials from scattering, causing environmental pollution and safety hazards.
Fourth, safety precautions
Personal protection scaffolders should wear personal protective equipment such as safety helmets, safety belts, and non-slip shoes correctly when working. Safety helmets should be fastened with straps, safety belts should be hung high and used low, and non-slip shoes should be kept dry and clean. For example, when working at heights, ensure that the hook of the safety belt is firmly hung in a reliable position to prevent the safety belt from falling off; when working on rainy days, wear non-slip shoes to prevent slipping. Prevent falling from heights When working at heights, pay attention to preventing falling from heights. Do not work at heights without protective facilities, and do not run, jump, or play on the scaffolds. For example, when setting up or dismantling scaffolds, use protective facilities such as safety belts and safety ropes to ensure your safety; when working on scaffolds, put tools and materials in tool bags and do not randomly place them to prevent tools and materials from falling and injuring people. Prevent objects from hitting At the construction site, pay attention to preventing objects from hitting. Do not throw objects from heights, and do not stay or pass under the scaffolds. For example, when dismantling scaffolds, set up cordons to prohibit unrelated personnel from entering the dismantling area; when lifting materials, use qualified slings and rigging to ensure the safety of material lifting. Pay attention to weather changes When performing scaffolding operations, pay attention to weather changes. When encountering severe weather such as gale force six or above, heavy rain, heavy fog, etc., high-altitude operations should be stopped. For example, in windy weather, the scaffolding should be inspected and reinforced to prevent it from being blown down by the wind; when working on rainy days, attention should be paid to anti-skid to prevent slipping.
In short, scaffolders should master certain work skills and safety precautions at work to ensure construction safety and quality. At the same time, they should continue to learn and improve their technical level to adapt to the needs of the evolving construction industry.
Post time: Jan-07-2025